Susceptibility data are listed in tables (4.4–4.6) and are categorized by antimicrobial agent or group. Reduced susceptibility to antimicrobials was prevalent among the isolates.
Reduced susceptibility to antimicrobials was most often encountered in hospitalized patients, occurring in 86.2% of enterococcal isolates to streptomycin, followed by chloramphenicol (80.9%), co-Trimoxazole (78.7%), and gentamycin (74.5%). Quinolone resistance was common, with 55.3% resistance to ciprofloxacin. Linezolid has the lowest percent of resistant (2.1%) followed by imipenem (13.8%), meropenem (17.0%), methicillin (26.6%).
Resistance to cephalosporin's was observed against the second generation, Cefuroxime (72.3%) and against the third generation with (67.0%), (59.6%), (54.3%) resistance to Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone, Cephotaxime, respectively.
Among non-hospitalized individuals (tables 4.4-4.6), resistance to chloramphenicol was observed in (71.9%) of all isolates followed by co-Trimoxazole (69.7%). No isolate was resistant to linezolid.
Table (4.6): Susceptibility of enterococcal isolates to antimicrobial agents (aminoglycoside, tetracyclines, sulfonamide and chloramphenicol) by the disk diffusion
| Antimicrobial class/ Agents | Hospitalized (n=94) | Non-Hospitalized (n=89) | P value | ||||
| R | S | I | R | S | I | ||
| Aminoglycoside Amikacin Gentamycin Streptomycin | 64 68.1% | 16 17.0% | 14 14.9% | 36 40.4% | 43 48.3% | 10 11.2% | 0.001* |
| 70 74.5% | 14 14.9% | 10 10.6% | 53 59.6% | 30 33.7% | 6 6.7% | 0.011* | |
| 81 86.2% | 11 11.7% | 2 2.1% | 55 61.8% | 26 29.2% | 8 9.0% | 0.001* | |
| Tetracyclines Tetracycline | 68 72.3% | 16 17.0% | 10 10.6% | 58 65.2% | 24 27.0% | 7 7.9% | 0.248 |
| Sulfonamide Co-Trimoxazole | 74 78.7% | 10 10.6% | 10 10.6% | 62 69.7% | 23 25.8% | 4 4.5% | 0.013* |
| Others Chloramphenicol | 76 80.9% | 14 14.9% | 4 4.3% | 64 71.9% | 20 22.5% | 5 5.6% | 0.356 |
*Significance P ≤ 0.05
Table (4.7): Susceptibility of enterococcal isolates to antimicrobial agents (cephalosporins, macrolides and penicillins) by the disk diffusion
| Antimicrobial class/ Agents | Hospitalized (n=94) | Non-Hospitalized (n=89) | P value | ||||
| R | S | I | R | S | I | ||
| Cephalosporins Cefuroxime Ceftazidime aCeftriaxone Ceftriaxone | 68 72.3% | 22 23.4% | 4 4.3% | 51 57.3% | 32 36.0% | 6 6.7% | 0.103* |
| 63 67.0% | 23 24.5% | 8 8.5% | 46 51.7% | 39 43.8% | 4 4.5% | 0.018* | |
| 56 59.6% | 32 34.0% | 6 6.4% | 39 43.8% | 46 51.7% | 4 4.5% | 0.054 | |
| 51 54.3% | 39 41.5% | 4 4.3% | 34 38.2% | 50 56.2% | 5 5.6% | 0.094 | |
| Macrolides Erythromycin | 50 53.2% | 41 43.6% | 3 3.2% | 49 55.1% | 35 39.3% | 5 5.6% | 0.654 |
| Penicillins Ampicillin Penicillin | 60 63.8% | 20 21.3% | 14 14.9% | 53 59.6% | 31 34.8% | 5 5.6% | 0.013* |
| 67 71.3% | 15 16.0% | 12 12.8% | 50 56.2% | 32 36.0% | 7 7.9% | 0.007* | |
Table (4.8): Susceptibility of enterococcal isolates to antimicrobial agents (carbapenems, glycopeptides, oxazolidones, quinolone and methicillin) by the disk diffusion
| Antimicrobial class/ Agents | Hospitalized (n=94) | Non-Hospitalized (n=89) | P value | ||||
| R | S | I | R | S | I | ||
| Carbapenems Meropenem Imipenem | 16 17.0% | 74 78.7% | 4 4.3% | 4 4.5% | 80 89.9% | 5 5.6% | 0.025* |
| 13 13.8% | 80 85.1% | 1 1.1% | 3 3.4% | 84 94.4% | 2 2.2% | 0.038* | |
| Glycopeptides Teicoplanin Vancomycin | 41 43.6% | 50 53.2% | 3 3.2% | 17 19.1% | 69 77.5% | 3 3.4% | 0.002* |
| 65 69.1% | 22 23.4% | 7 7.4% | 39 43.8% | 44 49.4% | 6 6.7% | 0.001* | |
| Oxazolidones Linezolid | 2 2.1% | 90 95.7% | 2 2.1% | 0 0.0% | 89 100.0% | 0 0.0% | 0.144 |
| Quinolone Ciprofloxacin | 52 55.3% | 31 33.0% | 11 11.7% | 37 41.6% | 47 52.8% | 5 5.6% | 0.019* |
| Others Methicillin | 25 26.6% | 68 26.6% | 1 1.1% | 12 13.5% | 69 77.5% | 8 9.0% | 0.007* |
*Significance P ≤ 0.05
No comments:
Post a Comment